Category: Physiotherapy

This book is the product of the thoughts and views of various physiotherapy teachers and clinical therapists. Every chapter in this book covers multiple neurological disorders in children, adults and elders. The clinician’s point of view on the various neurological conditions is elaborated well in this textbook. This book promotes the interest of the students and teachers to study neurology efficiently and is also helpful for them to appear in various examinations.
By
Dr. D. ANANDAN, MPT, (PhD)
Dr. B. ARUN, MPT, PhD
Dr. Jibi Paul

Comparative Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Shockwave Therapy on Osteoarthritis of Knee

Jibi Paul1, Saran Kumar. B V2, Jeslin Jeba Sheela3, Sony George4

Authors:

2BPT Graduate, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Dr. MGR. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

3HOD, Department of Physiotherapy, Scudder College of Allied Health Sciences and Scudder Memorial Hospital, Kelley’s Road, Ranipet, Tamil Nadu, Memorial Hospital, Kelley’s Road, Ranipet, Tamil Nadu, India

4Chief Physiotherapist, Department of Physiotherapy, PNNM Hospital, Anchalummood, Kollam, Kerala, India

Corresponding Author:

1Professor, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Dr. MGR. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Mail id: physiojibi@gmail.com

Abstract

Background of Study: Osteoarthritis (OA) also known as Degenerative Joint disease, is typically the result of wear & tear & progressive loss of articular cartilage. It is most common in elderly age people in above age of 50 to 60& trauma case. Divided into 2 types are Primary osteoarthritis & secondary osteoarthritis. AIM & Objective of the study was to study is to find the comparative Effects of Low-level laser therapy & Shockwave therapy on Osteoarthritis of Knee.

Methodology:  Study Design was Comparative study, post type. Study setting done at ACS Medical college and hospital OPD Velappanchavadi, Chennai. Total sample size was 30, patients with knee pain. Sampling Method used was Simple random sampling, lottery method to allocate the samples in two groups; Group A:15 and Group B:15. Study conducted for a duration of 4months. Intervention Duration Low Level Laser therapy& Shockwave therapy was3days per week. Inclusion Criteria of age group between 50 TO 60 years, both male & female subjects with Chronic OA, Trauma case & Obesity. Pain, ROM and Function was measured using Visual Analogue Scale, Goniometer and Koos test Pretest &posttest is recorded.

Result: Comparative study between Group A and Group B showed significant difference in VAS and ROM with F value 142.2 and 242.1respectively with P value>0.0001. 

Conclusion: On comparing both groups, Group A (Low level laser therapy) and Group B (Shockwave therapy) Group B (shockwave therapy) showed better improvement than Group A (Low level laser therapy) in improvising the functional ability and reducing the pain on the subjects with osteoarthritis.

Key Words: Osteoarthritis of knee; Shockwave therapy; Low level laser therapy; Visual Analogue Scale; Goniometer.

The Correlations Between Sensory Processing Abilities And Gross Motor Skills Among Children Aged 7-10 Years Old

Pradeep Balakrishnan1, Mahfuzan2, Izham3, Vinodhkumar Ramalingam4

1 2 3School of Health Sciences, KPJ University, Kota Seriemas, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

4 Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India

Email: 1pradeep@kpjuc.edu.my /physiodeep@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Background of the study: Children who display clumsiness, poor performance in sports or delayed motor milestones may face challenges in gross motor skills. Research has shown many factors that influences Gross Motor Skills such as BMI and physical activity participation. However, few research has shown relationships between sensory processing and gross motor skills. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the correlations between sensory processing abilities and gross motor skills among children aged 7- years old.

Methodology: The study was conducted at a children’s gym and a primary school where 56 typically developing children between ages 7-10 years old were collected. Their parents were given a questionnaire known as the Short Sensory Profile to assess the sensory processing abilities while the subjects were observed by the researcher using the Test of Gross Motor Development – 2 in order to assess the gross motor skills.

Results: The results indicate that there is a significant correlation between sensory processing -abilities and gross motor skills among children aged 7 – 10 years old [p-value < 0.05; p-value = 0.012]. Under the short sensory profile subscales, only the under responsive/sensation seeking was found to be significantly correlated with gross motor skills [p-value <0.01; p-value = 0.003].

Conclusion: Child who faces challenges in gross motor skills could also likely exhibit atypical sensory processing abilities. Therefore, a child should also be screened for deficits in sensory processing when they display poor performance in gross motor skills. However, the results of this study does not imply causation.

Keywords: Poor performance; Motor milestones;Gross Motor Skills;BMI

Effect of Taping and Foot exercise on Great Toe Angle and Foot Function in subjects with Hallux Valgus

M. Manoj Abraham1,V. Pradhap Sankar2, R. Arputha Roja3, R. Nivethitha4

Authors:

1Principal, K G College of Physiotherapy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

3BPT Intern, K G College of Physiotherapy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

4PG Student, K G College of Physiotherapy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Corresponding Author:

2AssistantProfessor, K G College of Physiotherapy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India,

Email id: pradhapsankar3@gmail.com

Abstract

Background: Hallux valgus (HV) is a progressive foot deformity manifested with the medial orientation of the first metatarsal bone, lateral deviation of greater toe. The prevalence of hallux valgus is 23%, both male and female are affected. The function of Hallux is to resist the overpronation of foot during the normal foot mechanics. Hallux serves as a fulcrum for forward propulsion. Cause of hallux valgus is multifactorial. Various treatment methods available such as foot exercise, manual therapy techniques, kinesiology taping techniques. In this study subjects provided with Taping techniques and Foot exercise. Objective of the study was to determine the effect of Tapping and Foot exercise on great toe angle and foot function in subjects with Hallux valgus.

Methods: A total of 20 Subjects with Hallux Valgus of both genders, in the age group of 18-65 years were conveniently assigned into 2 groups. Group A (n = 10) received Taping and Foot exercise and Group B (n = 10) received Foot exercise alone, 3 sessions a week for 8 weeks. Foot function were evaluated with Foot function index and Finger Goniometer.

Results: The difference in the post-test mean scores of group A and group B in Foot Function Index was 18.75 and 15.71 and Goniometer was 17.17 and 13.416 respectively. The result showed a significant improvement in Group A than in Group B at p < 0.0001.

Conclusion: The study concludes that the Taping along with foot exercise is better management to improve the Foot Function in subjects with Hallux Valgus.  

Keywords: Foot Exercise; Foot Function Index; Foot Taping; Goniometer; Hallux valgus

Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Training Program on Strength of Lower Limb in Young Football Players

Jibi Paul1*, Sathya. P2, R. Santhosh Kumar3

Authors:

1Professor, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Dr.MGR. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

2Principal cumProfessor, College of Physiotherapy, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

3BPT Graduate, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Dr.MGR. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Corresponding Author:

*Faculty of Physiotherapy, Dr.MGR. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Email id: jibipaul74@gmail.com

Abstract

Background of the Study: Football is a sport which involve running activities. The strength of the lower limb determines the efficiency of the football player. There are numeral studies that are done to improve the strength of lower limb. This study has been focussing to evaluate the effectiveness of blood flow restriction training program to improve the strength of lower limb in young football players. The intent of the study is to find out the effects of blood flow restriction training programs to improve the strength of lower limb in young football players.

Methodology: It is an experimental study with 15 football players with age group of 16-21 years were recruited from Dr.M.G.R Educational and Research Institute Velappanchavadi, Chennai. It is a simple random sampling method, collegiate male football players who are not been trained in specific lower limb strengthening program in past 6 months included in this study. Exclusion criteria; Recent fracture of players, Acute inflammation, Hypermobility of joints, any haematological condition.

Results: In this study the strength of the lower limb 1RM (in kg) has increase with mean difference of 17.60 by BFR training with P VALUE > 0.0001. 60m sprint test (in seconds) has reduced with the mean distance of 0.241 by BFR training with P value > 0.0003 both outcomes found effective after BFR training among young football players.

Conclusion: The study concluded that blood flow restriction training program yield the significant improvement in strength and speed of the young football players.

Key Words:   Muscle strength; BFR training; 1RM, 60m sprint test.

Awareness and Perception on Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy for Covid-19 Patients among the Alumni Physiotherapists from KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai

Pradeep Balakrishnan1*, Deepa Kalaichelvan2, Vinodhkumar Ramalingam3, Nurshazana Akmal Jamaludin4

Authors:

1,2School of Health Sciences, KPJ University College, Kota Seriemas, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

3

1,2School of Health Sciences, KPJ University College, Kota Seriemas, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

3Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India

4Department of Physiotherapy, University Teknology MARA, Kampus Bertam, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Corresponding Author:

*Lecturer, School of Health Sciences, KPJ University College, Kota Seriemas, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, Mail Id: pradeep@kpjuc.edu.my

Abstract

Introduction: In the respiratory management and physical recovery of Covid-19 cases, physical therapy may be necessary. The spectrum of cardiorespiratory physiotherapy is limited to acute provision without referral to an outpatient physiotherapy clinic for patients with cardiorespiratory problems. In community settings, a limited number of physiotherapists practicing further restricting the scope. The objective of this research is to identify the awareness and perception of cardiorespiratory physiotherapy for Covid-19 patients among the alumni physiotherapists from KPJ Healthcare University College. Method: A cross-sectional online survey study among the alumni physiotherapists from KPJ Healthcare University College. 80 male and female alumni physiotherapists from Diploma Cohort 1 to 10 are selected as they would have at least 5 years and above working experience and is considered competent and reliable scientific evidence for this study. Sampling technique used for this research is convenience sampling better known as a non-probability sampling technique. Sample size is determined by using Slovin’s Formula. Questionnaire related to research topic is distributed via Google Docs. Descriptive statistics is done using SPSS version 26.

Results: This study shows majority had good knowledge, awareness and their perceptions from their own perspectives as a physiotherapist as well as an ordinary man.

Conclusion: Chest physical therapy can help to improve physical health from an acute illness. In conclusion, this study was able to determine the awareness and gauge the perception of cardiorespiratory physiotherapy for Covid-19 patients among physiotherapists.

Key Words  Cardiorespiratory; Covid-19; Physiotherapist; Chest physiotherapy; Slovin’s Formula

Effects of Land Based Exercise Protocol in the Management of Hindlimb OA in White Gaint Rabbit

Nithyanisha R1*, Thiyageeswaran2, Mohammed Yashin B3

Corresponding Author

*1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Deemed to Be University, Chennai, India,  Email id: nithyanisha.physio@drmgrdu.ac.in

Co Authors:

2 Vetrenary Physician, M K.Vet Clinic, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, India

3BPT intern, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Dr M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Deemed to Be University, Chennia, India

Abstract

Back ground of the study: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most commonly occurring forms of arthritis in the world today. Hind limb weakness is caused by a disorder such as a break, strain, degenerative damage or other physical process, this can result in temporary or permanent inability to use the back legs. Physical therapy techniques to increase function and mobility of joints from, injury, surgery, degenerative diseases, age related diseases and obesity.

Methods: This is an experimental study conducted at M. K. Vet. Clinic, Villupuram for a duration of 3 sessions per week for about 4 weeks (1 month) for a sample size of 15 subjects. Random sampling method used to allocate the samples in two groups. White Giant Rabbits with Age group between 3-4years and CANCRS (composite pain score of 2-4) were included for this study.  age group   between 4-6 years. White Giant Rabbit-breeds irrespective of gender with duly vaccinated. Rabbits’ intervention included land-based exercises.  Outcome measures of the study was cancrs.

Result: On comparing the mean values of Group A & Group B on Multidimensional Composite Pain Scale score, it shows a significant decrease in the post test mean values in both groups, but Group A shows mean difference of 5.90 which has the more effective than Group B with mean difference of 3.90 at P ≤ 0.05.

Conclusion: The study concluded that land-based exercise protocol is more effective on management of hind limb OA in White Giant Rabbits.

Key Words CANCRS (Composite pain scale for Assessing and quantifying Pain in Rabbit’s); White Giant Rabbit; Hindlimb Osteoarthritis; Land-Based Exercises

To Study the Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Bone Mineral Density Among South Indian Women

Gladia R1, T. Ashrin2*, Jibi Paul3

Authors:

1,3Faculty of Physiotherapy, Dr. MGR. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

2*BPT Graduate, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Dr. MGR. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Corresponding Author:

*BPT Graduate,Faculty of Physiotherapy, Dr. MGR. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Email id: ashrinthurab@gmail.com

Abstract

Background of the study: Osteoporosis is a worldwide disease characterized by reduction of bone mass and alteration of bone architecture resulting in increased bone fragility and increased fracture risk. It mainly affects premenopausal and postmenopausal women. In Indian women prevalence of osteoporosis mainly because of low calcium intake, vitamin D deficiency, sex in equality, early menopause, genetic predisposition, lack of diagnostic facilities and poor knowledge on bone health. The aim of the study is to find out the impact of socioeconomic status on bone mineral density in south Indian women.

Methodology: It is an observational study and non-experimental type. 100 subjects taken for this study. The age group between 35-60 years and women only selected for this study. The study duration is 2 months. The material used are paper and pen. Modified BG prasad socioeconomic classification. Self-administrated socioeconomic status questionnaire. The participants were given self-administered socioeconomic questionnaire and classified according to their socioeconomic status based on Modified BG Prasad socioeconomic classification to find the (SES) of an individual. The mineral density was corelated using Quantitative calcaneal ultrasound and recorded. The recorded data were analysed and interpreted.

Result: Quantitative calcaneal ultrasound T score bone mineral density has shown significantly lower mean value -2.66 (osteoporotic) and as a whole,5% osteoporosis in subjects with lower economic status.

Conclusion: The study concluded that low SES is risk for Osteoporosis. So, the awareness among people is essential for good healthy lifestyles and prevent the dangers of osteoporosis.

Key Words:  Osteoporosis; Socioeconomic status; Bone Mineral Density; BG Prasad SES

Correlation of Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores with Anthropometric measure and Flexibility in subjects with OA Knee

P. Karthika1, B. Divya2

Authors:

1*BPT Graduate, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Dr.MGR. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

2Lecturer, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Dr.MGR. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Corresponding Author:*BPT Graduate,Faculty of Physiotherapy, Dr.MGR. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Email id: karthikapachiyappan30@gmail.com

Abstract

Background of the study: Osteoarthritis knee is the most common joint disease that affects the aged people and result in long term disability. Osteoarthritis knee cause degenerative joint disease, wear and tear changes occurring in old age due to weight bearing and loss of articular cartilage. It occurs in 12.1% population approximately. Increased BMI is a well-recognized risk factor for radiographic knee osteoarthritis however, the contributions   from joint mobility also have an impact on subjects with knee osteoarthritis. The objective of the study is to find out the correlation of knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) with anthropometric measures and flexibility in subjects with Knee OA. 

Methodology: This is an observational study of analytical type, total of 100 subjects. 47 male and 53 female subjects aged above 55years with pre-diagnosed knee osteoarthitis were included for the study. Subjects with knee pain for last 3 months will be included in this study by convenient sampling method. Visual Analogue scale, knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) questionnaire were used as an outcome measure, weighing scale, goniometer were the tools used for this study. The study was carried out at old aged home for 3 months.

Result: A Positive Association and correlation between Knee ROM and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) with  Pearson value is  0.573 indicates an increase in KOOS score decreases knee range of motion in subjects with knee osteoarthritis.

Conclusion: The study concluded that there is significant correlation with Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) and anthropometric measures in subjects with knee osteoarthritis.

Key Words: Osteoarthritis; Anthropometric measures; KOOS questionnaire.